Multiple Choice
Identify the choice that best completes the
statement or answers the question.
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1.
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The complete institutional process of decision-making from the initial
investigation or arrest by police to the eventual release of the offender and his or her re-entry
into society and all the various sequential stages an offender passes is called:
a. | criminology | b. | courts | c. | corrections | d. | criminal justice system | e. | judicial
system |
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2.
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The scientific approach to the study of criminal behaviour is known as:
a. | criminology | b. | the sociology of law | c. | penology | d. | victimology | e. | integrated
regulation |
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3.
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According to the classical school of criminology:
a. | people who violated social norms or religious practices were believed to be witches
or were possessed by demons. | b. | behaviour is purposeful and not motivated by
supernatural forces. | c. | human behaviour is a function of external
forces that are beyond individual control. | d. | law violators were physically different people
of conventional values and behaviour. | e. | all of the
above. |
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4.
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The positivist tradition is based on the belief that:
a. | human behaviour is a function of external forces that are beyond individual
control. | b. | human behaviour is controlled by social, political, and historical
forces. | c. | individual brain structure or biological make-up can exert influence on human
behaviour. | d. | the scientific method should be used to explain all behaviour. | e. | all of the
above. |
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5.
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According to conflict criminology the root cause of crime is
a. | superstition | b. | upbringing and learning | c. | social and political
conflict | d. | biology | e. | internal drives |
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6.
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Which of the following sub-areas of criminology focuses on predicting individual
behaviour?
a. | criminal statistics | b. | theory construction | c. | criminal behaviour
systems | d. | penology | e. | victimology |
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7.
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According to International Crime Trends a woman may be burned to death if her
family fails to provide the expected dowry to the groom’s family or is she is suspected of
premarital infidelity in what country?
a. | Canada | b. | India | c. | New
Zealand | d. | Columbia | e. | Netherland |
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8.
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This view of crime holds that people act according to their own interpretations
of reality, according to the meanings things have for them.
a. | consensus | b. | conflict | c. | interactionist | d. | positivist |
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9.
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The primary area of interest in victimology includes:
a. | using victim surveys to measure the nature and extent of criminal
behaviour. | b. | calculating the actual costs of crime to victims. | c. | creating
probabilities of victimization. | d. | studying victim culpability or precipitation of
crime. | e. | all of the above. |
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10.
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All of the following are basic elements of classical criminology EXCEPT:
a. | in every society, people have free will to choose criminal or lawful solutions to
meet their needs or settle their problems. | b. | criminal solutions may be more attractive than
lawful ones because they usually require less work for a greater payoff. | c. | efforts are directed
at providing behaviour alternatives for would-be criminals and treatments for individuals convicted
of law violations. | d. | people’s choice of criminal solutions may
be controlled by their fear of punishment. | e. | the more severe, certain, and swift the
punishment, the better able it is to control the criminal behaviour. |
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11.
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Emile Durkheim and L.A.J. (Adolphe) Quetelet are associated with which school of
criminology?
a. | classical criminology | b. | nineteenth-century
positivism | c. | positivist criminology | d. | sociological criminology | e. | conflict
criminology |
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12.
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According to the consensus view of crime:
a. | Criminal law reflects the values and opinions of society’s
mainstream. | b. | The law is a tool of the ruling class. | c. | Crime is a politically defined
concept. | d. | The law is used to control the underclass. | e. | Society is a
collection of diverse groups who are in constant conflict. |
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True/False
Indicate whether the statement is true or
false.
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13.
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According to the biological/psychological perspective, crime is a function of
free will and personal choice.
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14.
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Cesare Lombroso claimed that born criminals suffer from atavistic anomalies and
are throwbacks to more primitive times when people were savages.
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15.
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According to Karl Marx, crime is seen as normal because it has existed in every
age, in both poverty and prosperity.
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16.
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The Chicago School sociologists and their contemporaries focused on
the
functions of social institutions and how their breakdown influences behaviour.
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17.
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According to conflict criminology, the most important relationship is between
the owners of the means of production and the people who do the actual labour.
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18.
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According to Marx’s conflict view of crime, the exploitation of the
working class would eventually lead to class conflict and end of the capitalist system.
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19.
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The primary focus of the sociology of law is studying the correction and control
of criminal behaviour.
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20.
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Cross-sectional research typically involves a single measurement that is of
limited value in showing how subjects change over time.
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21.
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Experiments are frequently used by criminologists to study subjects’
lives.
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22.
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Research funding may dictate areas of criminology that can be studied.
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Completion
Complete each statement.
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23.
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Criminology explains the origin and nature of crime, whereas _____________
refers to the agencies of social control that handle criminal offenders.
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24.
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_____________ behaviour is behaviour that departs from social norms and that is
subject to social control.
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25.
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Classical criminology was based on the philosophy of _____________, which
emphasized that behaviour is purposeful and not motivated by supernatural forces.
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26.
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The _____________ tradition contends that human behaviour is the function of
external forces beyond individual control and that the scientific method should be used to study
human behaviour.
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27.
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According to Karl Marx, the capitalist _____________ own the means of
production.
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28.
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Criminologists interested in _____________try to create valid and reliable
measurements of criminal behaviour.
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29.
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The ____________ is a sub-area of criminology concerned with the role that
social forces play in shaping criminal law.
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30.
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The study of _____________ involves the correction and control of known criminal
offenders.
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31.
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___________ research involves the simultaneous measurement of subjects in a
sample who come from different backgrounds and groups.
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32.
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Studying criminals first-hand to gain insight into their motives and activities
is an example of _____________ research.
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Matching
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Match the concept with its originator: a. | mathematical
techniques | b. | born criminals | c. | proletariat | d. | anomie |
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33.
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Lombroso
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34.
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L.A.J. Quetelet
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35.
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Karl Marx
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36.
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Emile Durkheim
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Match the concept with the appropriate school of thought: a. | the scientific method | b. | utilitarianism | c. | social
factors | d. | social ecology | e. | mode of
production |
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37.
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sociological criminology
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38.
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Chicago School
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39.
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conflict criminology
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40.
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classical criminology
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41.
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positivism
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Match the sub-area of criminology with its primary focus: a. | criminal statistics | b. | victimology | c. | sociology of
law | d. | theory construction | e. | penology | f. | criminal behaviour
systems |
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42.
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gathering valid crime data
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43.
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studying the correction and control of criminal behaviour
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44.
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predicting individual behaviour
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45.
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studying the nature and cause of victimization
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46.
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determining the nature and cause of specific crime patterns
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47.
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determining the origin of law
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